Plant residues of the production and processing are the main sources for agricultural wastes. There are about 2.2 million tons of agricultural waste each year in Taiwan and most of them are treated by incineration. To prevent the problem of air pollution, NPUST utilizes agricultural wastes, such as coconut shells, pineapple leaves, and branches from thinning fruit trees with the technologies of carbonization, composting, microbial fermentation, to produce activated carbon, organic fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, etc., to modify soil, to improve water quality, to absorb heavy mental, and even to transform biomass into biochar or biomass alcohol fuels.